Emotional conditions such as schizophrenia, depression, substance addictions, bipolar disorder, panic or phobic anxieties, and sleep disorders may have their bases in a brain dysfunction. Structural, chemical, or metabolic abnormalities in the brain may give rise to symptoms of one or more of these problems. Usually, if an emotional disorder is caused primarily by a brain problem, neuropsychological (cognitive) symptoms (e.g., memory, language, and thinking problems) will be present. Neuropsychological examination is a key diagnostic procedure to differentiate brain-based emotional problems from other sources of emotional symptoms.

source: brainsource.com